Durability of clinker reduced shotcrete: Ca2+ leaching, sintering, carbonation and chloride penetration
Author(s): |
Marlene Sakoparnig
Isabel Galan Florian R. Steindl Wolfgang Kusterle Joachim Juhart Cyrill Grengg Lukas Briendl Andreas Saxer Maria Thumann Florian Mittermayr |
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Medium: | journal article |
Language(s): | English |
Published in: | Materials and Structures, 23 February 2021, n. 2, v. 54 |
DOI: | 10.1617/s11527-021-01644-7 |
Abstract: |
The reduction of clinker use is mandatory to lower the negative environmental impact of concrete. In shotcrete mixes, similarly to the case of conventional concrete, the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and proper mix design allow for the substitution of clinker without compromising the mechanical properties. However, the impact of the substitution on the durability of shotcrete needs to be further assessed and understood. The results from the present study, obtained from real-scale sprayed concrete applications, show a reduction of the Ca2+leaching and sintering potential of clinker-reduced shotcrete mixes due to the presence of SCMs. This positive effect, crucial for low maintenance costs of tunnels, is mainly related to a reduced portlandite content, which on the other hand negatively affects the carbonation resistance of shotcrete. Additionally, the hydration of SCMs positively influences the chloride penetration resistance presumably due to a combination of microstructural changes and changes in the chloride binding capacity. Differences found in the pore size distribution of the various mixes have low impact on the determined durability parameters, in particular compared to the effect of inhomogeneities produced during shotcrete application. |
Copyright: | © The Author(s) 2021 |
License: | This creative work has been published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) license which allows copying, and redistribution as well as adaptation of the original work provided appropriate credit is given to the original author and the conditions of the license are met. |
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data sheet - Reference-ID
10601257 - Published on:
17/04/2021 - Last updated on:
02/06/2021