Various Genetic Types of End Moraines in the City of Poznań and Its Close Vicinity, Central-Western Poland

The current research focuses on explaining the origin of end moraines running through the northernmost districts of the city of Poznań. The highest hills, that is, the Moraska Hill and the Dziewicza Hill, are a stagnation record of the Vistulian Glaciation of the Poznań Phase. These two hills represent terminal moraines of similar height and age, but the mechanism of their formation is diametrically opposed. The Dziewicza Hill is a typical accumulative end moraine, where Pleistocene deposits over 70 m thick are undisturbed. On the other hand, the Moraska Hill is a classic example of a push end moraine with a relatively thin cover of Pleistocene sediments and glaciotectonically elevated (up to 130 m a.s.l.) upper Neogene deposits. In the latter case, these strongly deformed sediments are the so-called “Poznań Clays” that underlie the Quaternary deposits in the vast area of the Polish Lowlands.