The use of NATM in the UK from 1970 to date / Der Einsatz der NÖT im Vereinigten Königreich seit 1970
Author(s): |
Maurice A. W. Gooderham
David J. Hindle |
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Medium: | journal article |
Language(s): | English, German |
Published in: | Geomechanics and Tunnelling, 2012, n. 5, v. 5 |
Page(s): | 420-430 |
DOI: | 10.1002/geot.201200028 |
Abstract: |
NATM was not introduced into the UK until 1985, despite the British tunnelling industry's long and distinguished history of numerous pioneering achievements in underground technology. The first application was for a mine access tunnel in rock and was soon followed in the early 1990s by soft ground NATM projects in London, which exhibits similar ground conditions to Frankfurt where this adaptation of the method was first tried out over 20-years previously. Following a very promising start NATM faced a serious setback in 1994 with the major collapse during construction of the Heathrow Airport's Central Terminal Area underground station and all NATM work on this and the other major project underway at the time, the Jubilee Line Extension, was suspended. The incident triggered criminal prosecutions and an enquiry by the UK's Health & Safety Executive, which eventually led to a complete re-evaluation of the method in the UK, resulting in recommendations and guidelines for the re-designated Sprayed Concrete Lining or SCL method published by the Institution of Civil Engineers and British Tunnelling Society in 1996. Since that time all sprayed concrete lined tunnelling in the UK, whether in soft ground or rock have been designed and constructed to the SCL methodology, culminating in the massive Crossrail project that is currently under construction in London. This paper reviews the history, development and future of NATM and SCL in the UK and illustrates these by reference to the key projects where the methods have been employed and are planned for the future. |
Keywords: |
Heathrow collapse SCL method
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Available from: | Refer to publisher |
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data sheet - Reference-ID
10067532 - Published on:
29/03/2013 - Last updated on:
13/08/2014