Swelling of sulphatic claystones - some fundamental questions and their practical relevance / Quellen von sulfatführenden Tonsteinen - Themen der Grundlagenforschung und ihre praktische Bedeutung

Sulphatic claystones exhibit a heavily swelling behaviour and are among the most problematic rocks for tunnelling. Their swelling is usually attributed to the transformation of anhydrite to gypsum. The paper questions this simplistic hypothesis through a qualitative discussion of the processes underlying the phenomena that are observed macroscopically, and by identifying a series of fundamental issues that are important from the point of view of tunnel design. At the same time, it provides an overview of ongoing or recent research dealing with the swelling of sulphatic claystones and, more specifically, with the effects of chemical reactions and transport processes, the role of the clay fraction, the pressure dependence of swelling deformations and the possible effects of the seepage flow regime, including evaporation in the unsaturated zone.