Suitable yeast extract concentration for the production of self-healing mortar with expanded clay as bacterial carrier

In microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) system, yeast extract (YE) is needed for spores germination. The aim of this research is to evaluate the minimum amount of YE in mortar that allows spores of Bacillus sphaericus to germinate with limited negative effect on mortar properties. Two YE concentrations of 2 and 5 g/l were tested and compared to a reference without YE. To protect the bacteria in the mortar matrix, spores or cells were encapsulated into porous expanded clay. The ureolytic activity of bacteria with YE variation, the mechanical properties and the healing ability of mortar were assessed. The results show that a YE concentration of 2 g/l provided acceptable mortar properties, while it was sufficient for spores to germinate and provide a satisfactory healing ability to resulting mortar. When vegetative cells are used as a healing agent, it is best to omit yeast extract from the mortar mixture.