A State-of-the-Art Review of Passive Energy Dissipation Systems in Steel Braces

An extensive investigation of the international literature is carried out regarding the passive energy dissipation systems and more specifically the dampers that can be positioned in steel braces to increase the absorption of seismic energy and to protect them from buckling, such as Friction (FDs), Metallic (MDs), and Viscous dampers (VDs). This review paper systematically reviews/refers to 196 publications from the literature; it presents a brief overview of the steel braces frames and their problems. The efficacy of all of these types of dampers has been proved, as they have been used all around the world, and their comparison in experimental or numerical studies, applications, and optimization shows that there is no unilateral solution, as the appropriate selection of effective retrofit strategies takes into account parameters such as cost, duration, technical aspects, architectural needs, etc. Finally, the aim of this review paper is to systematically present an overview of passive energy dampers that can be installed on steel braces, summarize the advantages and the disadvantages of each one, compare global parameters such as the relation of velocity and damper force, economic details, and type of study, and facilitate future researchers working in the related field, for its better understanding and development.

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