Optimal Cluster Scheduling of Active–Reactive Power for Distribution Network Considering Aggregated Flexibility of Heterogeneous Building-Integrated DERs

This paper proposes an active–reactive power collaborative scheduling model with cluster division for the flexible distributed energy resources (DERs) of smart-building systems to resolve the high complexity of the centralized optimal scheduling of massive dispersed DERs in the distribution network. Specifically, the optimization objective of each cluster is to minimize the operational cost, the power-loss cost, and the penalty cost for flexibility deficiency, and the second-order cone-based branch flow method is utilized to convert the power-flow equations into linearized cone constraints, reducing the nonlinearity and heavy computation burden of the scheduling model. Customized virtual battery models for building-integrated flexible DERs are developed to aggregate the power characteristics of flexible resources while quantifying their regulation capacities with time-shifting power and energy boundaries. Moreover, a cluster division algorithm considering the module degree index based on the electrical distance and the flexible balance contribution index is formulated for cluster division to achieve information exchange and energy interaction in the distribution network with a high proportion of building-integrated flexible DERs. Comparative studies have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed methodology in economic merits and voltage regulation.

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