Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von großen Nullenergiegebäuden

The feasibility of large net zero energy buildings.

A typical net zero energy buildings has two up to four stories. The question appears if large buildings of up to 40 levels could achieve a net zero balance for HVAC only and/or achieving net zero energy building status. The analysis is based on the simulation of two multifamily dwellings and two office buildings, one each with a square and a stretched footprint. The four basic models are well insulated, equipped with a mechanical ventilation system including heat recovery and allocated with the climate of Bern-Liebefeld (average climate). A wide range of parameters is investigated in regard to their impact on the zero energy balance.
The main results can be summarized as follows:
- The net zero balance for HVAC only can be achieved for up to 40 levels for all variants studied but one
- The four main parameters in regard to achieving a net zero energy balance are
- efficient electric devices and lighting,
- the type of heating system,
- the actually available area for PV and
- the overall efficiency of the PV-system.
The results show that a net zero balance can be achieved for large multifamily dwellings and office build-ings of up to 40 levels. To this end, however, electronic devices, lighting and PV systems with a very high efficiency are necessary. This is true particularly for office buildings.