Modelling and Simulation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Regulation in Building-to-Grid Integration Framework

Since last few decades the inclusion of renewable energies in the grid power system is rapidly increasing with the increase in technologies to minimize the use of conventional fossil fuels for minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases. But the uncertain behaviour of the renewable energy sources lead to a challenge of maintaining the stability and reliability of the grid system and to optimize the supply and demand balance. It is identified that more than 40% energy consumption is made by the consumers of buildings. To minimize the power fluctuation, caused by inclusion of renewable systems, the thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) like ACs, refrigerators, heaters of buildings can be considered as flexible loads for regulation purpose as TCLs share the major part of the total power consumption and also TCLs can be adjusted without compromising the comfort level. In this paper, a practical linear network model of the multi layered construction materials of building is developed with 3R2C electrical circuit model and corresponding state-space equations are formulated, and also a 2^ndorder TCL model is proposed as an RC network equivalent where main focus is on the works, which develop specific control strategies by modelling the building energy systems.