Effect of Soil–Bridge Interactions on Seismic Response of a Cross-Fault Bridge: A Shaking Table Test Study

A shaking table test of a 1/60 scale cross-fault bridge model considering the effects of soil–bridge interactions was designed and implemented, in which the bridge model was placed in two individual soil boxes to simulate the bridge across a strike-slip fault. Three seismic ground motion time-histories with permanent displacements were selected as input excitations to investigate the influence of seismic ground motions with different frequency characteristics on the seismic response of the testing soil–bridge model. The one-side input method was used to simulate the seismic response of bridges across faults. The seismic responses of the soil and bridge in terms of acceleration, strain, and displacement were analyzed. The test results show that the one-side input method can simulate the seismic response of the main girder displacements well and the displacements and strains of piers and piles of the bridge structure spanning a fault. The strain responses at near-fault pile foundations are much larger than those farther away from the fault. Compared with other bridges, the cross-fault bridge is more prone to torsional and displacement responses during earthquakes. Surface fault rupture can lead to permanent inclination of the bridge piers, which should be paid more attention to in the practical engineering design of the bridges. Soil–bridge interactions can suppress the amplification effect of soil on ground motions. The test results can provide a reference for future research and the design of cross-fault bridges.

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