Do Environmental Regulations Improve Industrial Efficiency?

This study was based on research on the impact of environmental regulation on industrial efficiency in 30 provinces from 2005 to 2017 in China. For the explained variables, the industrial efficiency of the DEA-Malmquist method was utilized for the decomposition and measurement of overall factor productivity, and government environmental governance variables were added as instrumental variables for two-stage least-squares regression. In addition, environmental regulatory intensity and year were utilized as threshold variables for the threshold test. In the benchmark regression, environmental regulation harms regional industrial efficiency. However, according to the IV estimation of government environmental governance variables, environmental regulation has a positive effect on the transformation of regional industrial efficiency. The influence of environmental regulation on industrial efficiency will be first suppressed and then promoted with the gradual increase of regulatory intensity. Furthermore, there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the impact of environmental regulations.

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