Comprensión del mercado energético español 2022 con Un análisis de los datos oficiales (Understanding the Spanish Energy Market in 2022 with an Analysis of Oficial Data)

The energy situation that occurred in the Spanish electricity and natural gas markets in 2022 implies the concept of a global crisis. This entails a significant increase in the prices of electricity and natural gas. Historically, the relationship between these two concepts has always been substantial, as demonstrated in the conducted study. This article aims to analyze whether this relationship between both markets has continued to be strong in the past year, 2022, and to assess the factors that may have distorted the results. To achieve this, publicly available data recorded by various operators in the electricity and natural gas markets have been meticulously analyzed and reviewed from a statistical-mathematical perspective. The study investigates the implications of the rising prices of electricity and natural gas, as well as the measures taken by the Spanish Government in June 2022. Furthermore, it is essential to consider that in 2022, several anomalous factors occurred, such as the Russia-Ukraine war and the Spanish market intervention resulting from the price increases, suggesting a different market behavior. The primary conclusion drawn from the analysis of the published data is that the high prices in 2022 can be attributed not solely to the high prices of natural gas, as indicated in the media. This will be elaborated upon throughout this study. Key Words: Gas Cap Adjustment Mechanism, Massive Consumption of natural gas and exports of electricity in 2022. Correlation between OMIE and MIBGAS.