Shape Design Methods Based on the Optimisation of the Structure

Historically architects and engineers have recurrently applied shape-design methods based on the optimisation of the mechanical behaviour of the structure. This paper analyses the historical use of these methods and their application to contemporary architecture, comparing the use of geometrical systems and physical models of other times with the current computational analysis, as well as the different purposes and motivations that guided the use of these design methods on each case. The ilustration of this evolution is done through the analysis of three decisive historical moments and figures (the work of Antonio Gaudí, the historical development of concrete shells and the light weight structures by Frei Otto), while the work of contemporary engineers Mike Cook and Mutsuro sasaki is highlighted as interesting examples of the current application of these techniques.