The London 2012 Olympic Stadium: Part 2: Design and Construction of the Stadium and Civil Works

This paper is the second of a set of three on the London 2012 Olympic Stadium and describes the design and construction of the civil engineering works, the stadium seating bowl and accommodation and hospitality facilities. Two companion papers, the first and third of the set, describe the concept and philosophy of the stadium and the design and construction of the roof respectively [1, 2].

This paper describes how many engineering constraints influenced the siting and form of the stadium and how sustainability goals also drove creative engineering responses to meet biodiversity and inclusivity targets.