Water Quality Prediction Based on Hybrid Deep Learning Algorithm

Pollution from many different sources severely affects the quality of our water supply. Over the past few years, a large number of online water quality monitoring stations have been used to gather time series data on water quality monitoring. These numbers are the foundation for deep learning techniques for forecasting water quality. In particular, typical deep learning approaches struggle to accurately estimate water quality in the presence of net promoter system (NPS) contamination. To overcome this shortcoming, a new deep learning model called long short_term memory (LSTM)–gray wolf optimization (GWO)–fish swarm optimization (FSO) was developed to enhance the precision of water quality prediction with NPS pollution. The well-established model may remedy the mechanism models’ inability to foretell changes in water quality on a minute-by-minute basis. Thamirabarani river watershed was used for the model’s application. Based on experimental data, the suggested model outperformed the mechanism model and the LSTM model in predicting extreme values. Maximum relative errors in anticipated against observed dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and NH3─N values were 7.58%, 18.45%, and 22.25%, respectively. In comparison to the artificial neural network (ANN), back propagation neural network (BPNN), and recurrent neural network (RNN) models, the created LSTM–GWO–FSO model was shown to have greater computational performance (RNN). LSTM–GWO–FSO outperformed ANN, BPNN, and RNN regarding R2 of 3.1%–38.4% improvements. The suggested approach may provide a fresh perspective when predicting water quality in the presence of NPS contamination.