Study on Backfill Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Source Location under Uniaxial Compressive

This study investigates the acoustic emission (AE) characteristic of cemented tailings backfill (CTB) under uniaxial compressive loading. A classified tailings material source from Wushan Copper Mine was used to prepare cylindrical CTB samples. This study used an SLB10 loading machine for the uniaxial compressive test. A PCI-2 acoustic wave system was attached to the CTB specimen to measure the acoustic emission during loading. Overall, the backfill specimen’s uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is 3.58 MPa. The failure modes of the CTB sample could be divided into five stages, including the pore microfracture compacting stage (stage-a), linear elastic deformation stage (stage-b), yield deformation stage (stage-c), failure stage (stage-d), and residual stage (stage-e). At each stage, the AE characteristic parameters such as the hits per second (HPS), the cumulative number of impacts, energy rate, and total energy vary a lot, which indicates the AE parameter reflects the internal failure evolution of the CTB sample. In stage-a, no apparent AE behavior was measured. In Stage-b, there is no evident macroscopic change in the specimen, while the AE parameters steadily and continuously increase. During stage-c, the number of AE impacts grows sharply, the energy rate increases significantly, and changes suddenly. The cumulative number of AE impacts is 31.3% in stage-d, and the cumulative energy rate is 49.4%, which is the most active stage of acoustic emission activities. The specimen has prominent crack propagation and bifurcation phenomena. In stage-d, the CTB sample was destroyed entirely, and the characteristic parameters of acoustic emission were significantly reduced. Finally, multiple regression analysis methods are introduced into the time difference positioning method to locate the AE source. The positioning results show that the technique can better invert the close relationship between the damage and destruction of the CTB and the generation and penetration of the internal cracks and describe it to a certain extent. The failure surface of the filler specimen has an excellent guiding value for the analysis of the interior failure characteristics of the sample.

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