Rheological Properties and Permeation Grouting Reinforcement Effect of Cement-Bentonite Slurry

Permeation grouting is one important method for preventing and controlling leakage in levees, with cement-bentonite slurry as a commonly used grouting material. In this study, the effect of water–cement ratio and bentonite content on the rheological properties of cement-bentonite slurry was investigated. The reinforcement effect of cement-bentonite slurry under various conditions was explored by conducting a series of experiments via a self-designed apparatus. The grouting pressure, water–cement ratio, and bentonite content were taken as the grouting variables, and the compressive strength, deformation modulus, and permeability coefficient were adopted as indicators to evaluate the reinforcement effect. The experimental results indicate that the plastic viscosity and the yield stress of the cement-bentonite slurry rose as the water–cement ratio increased. The water–cement ratio served as the main controlling factor of the grouting reinforcement effect. The compressive strength, deformation modulus, and permeability of the grouted body decreased as the water–cement ratio increased. The bentonite content significantly impacted the grouting reinforcement effect. As the bentonite content of slurry increased, the permeability of the grouted body increased, while the compressive strength and deformation modulus first increased then decreased. An optimal bentonite content of cement-bentonite slurry can be decided. Moreover, the failure mode of the grouted body was also significantly impacted by the water–cement ratio. As the water–cement ratio increased, the heterogeneity of the grouted body became greater, and the failure mode changed from overall failure to local failure. The heterogeneity of the grouted body can be improved by enhancing the grouting pressure and the bentonite content of cement-bentonite slurry.

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