Response of Twin Transportation Tunnel in Earthquake Loading: A Review

Tunnels are a major underground structure used for transporting passengers, water, wastewater, etc. Design of a tunnel/twin tunnel requires fixing the spacing between tunnels, assessment of hazards to surface structure due to tunnelling and protection measures, etc. Experimental, numerical, analytical methods or a combination of the above techniques are used to design and investigate the stability under static and dynamic conditions. Ground settlement due to tunnel construction, the spacing between the tunnels, the tunnel response during earthquake loading, influence of alignment, etc., have been reviewed and summarized from the past published literature. A summary of the different design criteria for twin tunnels is reviewed and presented here. The present paper will be helpful for engineers and researchers working in this area.

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