Research on Dynamic Monitoring and Early Warning of the High-Rise Building Machine during the Climbing Stage

High-rise building machines (HBMs) are commonly used for the construction of super-high skyscrapers. Monitoring and early warning are critical to ensure the safety of giant HBMs during dynamic climbing. However, no indicators or control methods directly reflect the dynamic safety state of such large structures. In this study, the key factors influencing the climbing altitude were systematically analyzed and a method for the dynamic monitoring and early warning of HBMs during climbing was proposed. This approach is innovative for monitoring 3D attitude in real time using a string of fiber grating-level sensors mounted on the main bearing surface of the HBM. Three-level early warning indicators and control methods that reflect the safety status of the HBM during dynamic climbing have been established. The method was successfully applied to a 356-m tall high-rise project, the Shenzhen Xinghe Yabao Building. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can monitor and control the safety state of the HBM climbing process more accurately than current methods in real time. In addition, it significantly reduces the impact of factors such as preclimbing differential deformation and climbing attitude recognition on the accuracy of the HBM climbing control. This guarantees the safe management of HBMs and the efficient construction of super high-rise buildings. The results of this study can also be widely applied to safety monitoring of the dynamic operation of giant construction machinery.