Optimization of Synergetic Seismic and Energy Retrofitting Based on Timber Beams and Bio-Based Infill Panels: Application to an Existing Masonry Building in Switzerland

This paper presents an optimization process for the design of a novel synergetic seismic and energy retrofitting strategy that combines the favorable mechanical properties of timber and the attractive thermal insulation properties of bio-based materials. The novel method, defined as Strong Thermal and Seismic Backs (STSB), comprises the attachment of timber frames and bio-based thermal insulation panels on the vertical envelope and the facade walls of existing masonry buildings, thus improving both the seismic behavior and the energy performance of these buildings. This strategy is integrated and visualized in a novel synergetic framework for the holistic evaluation of the seismic behavior, the energy performance and the carbon footprint of existing buildings, defined as the Seismic and Energy Retrofitting Scoreboard (SERS). The benefit of the novel retrofitting strategy is quantified based on the numerical simulation of the seismic behavior of an unreinforced masonry building located in Switzerland, an assessment of the energy performance of the building and an evaluation of the carbon footprint of the proposed retrofit solution. Three retrofitting alternatives are investigated for the synergetic seismic and energy retrofitting of the building, comprising timber beams and two different bio-based materials for the thermal insulation of the vertical envelope of the building: cork and recycled natural grass. The optimal seismic and energy retrofitting strategy for the building among the alternatives assessed in this study is chosen based on a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) procedure.

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