Model Test of Surrounding Rock Temperature Field under Different Drainage Structures and Insulation Conditions in High Cold Tunnel

Improper layout of drainage structures and inadequate insulation measures in high-altitude cold areas have resulted in varying degrees of frost damage in numerous tunnels during operation. To address this issue and propose a viable drainage structure layout scheme, this paper analyzes and studies the temperature field distribution characteristics of the lower surrounding rock and drainage structure around high-altitude cold tunnels, as well as the layout of the central drainage ditch and anti-cold water leakage hole. Based on physical model test results of cold area tunnels, the distribution characteristics of the temperature field around the tunnel drainage structure under different insulation conditions are obtained, and a control equation of temperature change along the depth direction is proposed. By comparing and analyzing the differences in temperature field and water flow characteristics of drainage structures under different insulation methods, the setting conditions of different drainage structures are determined. Furthermore, the function relationship between the freezing depth of the lower surrounding rock of the tunnel arch and the air temperature inside the tunnel is established, and the curve of the on-site tunnel freezing depth change is predicted. This study provides valuable insights into the design and construction of drainage structures and insulation measures for high-altitude cold tunnels, ultimately contributing to the prevention of frost damage and ensuring safe and efficient tunnel operation.

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