Model Test and Numerical Simulation of Two Typical Close-Fitting Pile–Wall Integrated Structures in Deep Excavation

Compared to conventional support methods, the close-fitting pile–wall integration technique features a minimized construction spacing between the retaining pile and the basement retaining wall. This approach leverages the pile stiffness to minimize the wall thickness and enhance underground space utilization. However, it currently lacks significant discussions and measured data about the interaction laws between the pile and the wall. The model test and finite element method (FEM) are employed to study the deformation and internal force interaction laws of two typical close-fitting pile–wall integrated structures, and a comparison with conventional design is conducted. Furthermore, this study separately investigates the impact of sensitivity factors, specifically the pile–wall stiffness ratio and floor plate stiffness, on both structures during the basement construction and serviceability stages. The test results can closely match the numerical simulation. The study results reveal that the wall impacts the bending moment of the pile to some extent. The internal force in the wall is significantly influenced by the lateral deformation of the pile and the floor plate. Compared to conventional designs, this structure significantly reduces the bending moment of the wall, particularly in the composite structure. Additionally, the analysis of sensitivity factors reveals their considerable influence on the pile–wall interaction.

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