Minimising upfront carbon emissions of steel-framed modular housing: a case study

In this article, Smail Kechidi presents the results of a study examining ways to reduce the upfront carbon emissions of steel-framed modular housing produced by ilke Homes. The article discusses both changes that have already been adopted in a refreshed version of a two-bedroom, four-person 81m2 modular house, and further changes that could be adopted in a future version. The refreshed design delivers 12% lower upfront carbon emissions (A1–A5) than the standard design.