Geomechanical Classifications, Geotechnical Indexes, and Fractured Rock Media: the Influence of Discontinuities on the Rock Masses Description

Using geotechnical indexes and geomechanical classifications is crucial in estimating the quality and behaviour of fissured rock masses. These tools play a significant role in large-scale engineering works, particularly in underground projects where the rock mass and its response to excavation are critical for project safety and financial feasibility. The widespread adoption of these classification systems in geoengineering necessitates continuous development and improvement to enhance accuracy and reliability and align them with the evolving construction landscape. Discontinuities, in particular, profoundly impact the strength, deformability, and permeability of the rock mass, therefore defining its behaviour. Given that rock mass assessment forms the basis of geotechnical characterization and evaluation, it is essential to understand and evaluate its characteristics and their influence on the classification systems or indexes.