Field Study and Analysis of Passenger Density in the Beijing Subway Transfer Hall

Passenger density is a major factor influencing indoor climate conditions and the corresponding energy consumption in the transfer halls of metro transportation hubs. In this study, passenger flow in a subway transfer hall in Beijing was measured across three typical seasons. A differential equation model was established to account for the characteristics of passenger density. Based on this, a passenger density prediction model was developed and utilized for analysis. The results show that passenger density is primarily affected by operation time and the surrounding population composition, with a relatively weak correlation to outdoor weather conditions. Additionally, passenger density differs significantly between weekdays and weekends, with the weekday peak being 2.5 times higher than that on weekends. During the four peak hours on weekdays, both in the morning and evening, passenger density exceeds the design capacity, resulting in insufficient fresh air supply. However, for most of the weekday hours and for all hours on weekends, passenger density remains below the design capacity. This indicates a substantial potential for energy savings by adjusting the fresh air supply according to actual passenger density.

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