Correlating Low-energy Impact Damage with Changes in Modal Parameters: A Preliminary Study on Composite Beams

This article is an experimental study of the effects of multi-site damage on the vibration response of a composite beam damaged by low-energy impact. The variation of the modal parameters with different levels of impact energy and density of impact is studied. Specimens are impacted symmetrically in order to induce a global rate of damage. A damage detection tool Damage Index is introduced in order to verify the estimation of damping ratios. Design of Experiments is used to establish the sensitivity of both energy of impact and density of damage. The DOE analysis results (using natural frequency only) indicate that impact energy for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th bending modes is the most significant factor contributing to the changes in the modal parameters for this kind of symmetrical dynamic test.