The effects of windblown sand on the deterioration of mural paintings in cave 285, in Mogao caves, Dunhuang

The Mogao caves in Dunhuang are a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the inland desert region of China. Within this site, cave 285 is one of the most important caves. Because a great deal of deterioration has taken place within this cave, a large amount of research has been carried out on the environmental effects of these changes. Results show that the east wall has been least affected by moisture, solar radiation, and daylight compared to the other walls and ceiling. However, the effects of deterioration, including scratches, detachment, and discoloration, are nevertheless seen on the east wall. In this study, we investigated the effects of adhesion and the collision of windblown sand as factors contributing to the deterioration of the east wall. We conclude that sand blown by high-velocity wind has led to detachment, flaking, and losses to the east wall including fading of the paintings.