Rapid Determination of Ultimate Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Bolt Groups

The Eighth Edition Manual of Steel Construction of the American Institute of Steel Construction1 bases its Tables X through XVIII for "Eccentric Loads on Fastener Groups" on an ultimate strength method. In this method, relative rotation of the connected parts occurs about a given instantaneous center, causing, on each connector, a force which acts perpendicular to the ray joining that connector to the instantaneous center.