Photovoltaic/thermal systems for carbon dioxide mitigation applications: a review

The urgent need to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and address climate change has led to increasing interest in renewable energy technologies. There are other promising energy generation systems, including photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of PV/T systems for CO₂ mitigation applications. PV/T systems are reviewed according to their principles, their design configurations, and their performance characteristics. Various types of PV/T systems, including flat-plate, concentrating, hybrid, and novel designs, are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations. In addition to examining PV/T systems as part of the integration of building systems with renewable energy sources and energy storage technologies. Furthermore, the environmental and economic aspects of PV/T systems, as well as their potential for CO₂ mitigation in various applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors, are critically analyzed. Finally, future research directions and challenges in the field of PV/T systems for CO₂ mitigation are outlined. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers, policymakers, and practitioners with information on how PV/T systems can be applied to reduce CO₂ emissions and promote sustainable building design.