Numerical Modeling of Timber-steel Hybrid Structures: Challenges and Innovative Strategies

The increasing diffusion of timber as a structural material asks for major detailing concerning numerical modelling; timber is commonly used with other construction materials in order to create hybrid structures exploiting each material's strengths and smoothing less efficient features. In this way – combining timber and steel – structural performances are guaranteed while lightness and sustainability of only‐timber structures are maintained. Some specific issues linked to timber material – e.g., orthotropic behaviour – and contact with steel are specifically addressed, exploring different techniques according to the scale of the problem. Finally, a complete steel‐timber hybrid beam‐to‐column joint is assembled, with a clear understanding of each interaction and insights for future adjustments to the benchmark model.