A conical spiral piezoelectric energy harvester with parallel beams for all-directional flow energy harvesting

Piezoelectric energy harvesting technology using flow-induced vibration is a type of interference-resistant and miniaturizable power generation technology, which is promising on powering the wireless micro electromechanical system in flow filed. However, the flow direction of the natural flow field is changeable while most existing flow-induced piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are limited by their working direction. In this paper, we propose a conical spiral piezoelectric energy harvester with parallel beams (CSPEH-PB) that can collect energy under flow excitation in all directions. Based on the multi-dimensional vibration analysis of conical spiral structure, we investigate the resonance mode and effective flow velocity range of the CSPEH-PB through numerical analysis. In comparative experiments with a bimorph flat PEH, we verify the effective flow velocity range and voltage of the CSPEH-PB and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films attached. The results demonstrate that the CSPEH-PB generates an effective voltage greater than 0.53 V through the PVDF films under any direction of the water flow, and has a wider resonance bandwidth than PEH with straight beam. This study provides a practical solution for adapting PEHs to changeable flow direction.