The compatibility of existing BIM maturity models with lean construction and integrated project delivery

Building Information Modeling (BIM), Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), and Lean Construction (LC) are individually gaining increasing penetration in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Existing maturity models for each of these areas allow organisations to assess their current capability and guide their future pathways to increasing competence. There are significant mutual dependencies among these approaches; hence it would be useful for organisations to understand how to apply them to maximise the benefits across all three initiatives. An integrated BIM-IPD-LC (BIL) maturity model (MM) would break the silos among the initiatives by supporting this synergy. However, there is no comprehensive study on integrated organisational BIL maturity model design and development. This article presents the analysis of BIM maturity models as the starting point of research toward BIL MM development. BIM MMs are more widely cited and used within the construction industry compared to MMs for LC and IPD. This study uses the compatibility of BIM with IPD and LC in the context of MMs to identify how these three concepts can be synchronised. Comparative analysis is conducted using ten accessible, free, research-based, and frequently cited BIM MMs.They were then compared with a number of existing LC and IPD MMs. The results show that VDC Scorecard and BIM2FR are the most compatible BIM MMs with LC, and both the BIM Maturity Matrix and the VDC Scorecard closely correlate with the IPD characteristics compared with other BIM MMs. The findings of this study can be used as a basis for establishing the structure of a future integrated BIL maturity model.