3D concrete printing with wastes for building applications

This study focuses on the benefits of deploying plastic waste as a promising alternative to main 3D concrete printing (3DCP) binders. 3D printing technology improvements display that this construction method holds a significant potential by not only finding a globally greener way to developing 3D printing composites but also in researching a more sustainable approach to reducing carbon footprint on the planet, and also becoming one of the possibilities in replacing industrial wastes to ordinary Portland cement. As an alternative to ordinary Portland cement this paper analyses secondary raw materials like burnt shale ashes (BSA), plastic waste (PW) granules and grinded foam rubber (FR). These chosen materials help to solve two environmentally relevant problems: elimination of industrial waste and CO₂ level reduction in concrete production, meantime enhancing the sustainability of the potential 3D printing concrete mixes that had been modified by wastes. Further review presents respective differences between fresh concrete and hardened mix properties. These experimental studies proved that one of four different mixtures significantly enhanced the stability of the studied parameters.