Computational Fluid Dynamics of Wind Flow and Air Pollution Modelling: A Review on 3D Building Model Standards

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to monitor air pollution events supported by real-world conditions digitally. Besides, wind flow that has a close relationship with air pollutants dispersion also can be visualized by using CFD simulation. The presence of a building, especially in terms of the building’s geometry, impacts the air pollution dispersion and wind flow that occur around a building or in a specific research area. As there is an involvement of building models in the simulation, some of the standards for the building modelling: Computer-Aided Design (CAD), City Geographic Markup Language (CityGML), and Building Information Modelling (BIM), are being utilized in this type of study. Many types of research have been conducted to study the pollutants and wind flow using the CFD technique of these three standards. Hence, this review paper is used to presents several pieces of research on this related topic. Through this review paper, some of the drawbacks of the study were identified, such as the detailing of the building’s geometry and the compatibility of each standard to be implemented in the CFD simulation.